“Exegetically Speaking” is a weekly podcast of the friends and faculty of Wheaton College, IL and The Lanier Theological Library. Hosted by Dr. David Capes, it features language experts who discuss the importance of learning the biblical languages—Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek—and show how reading the Bible in the original languages “pays off.” Each podcast lasts between seven and eleven minutes and covers a different topic for those who want to read the Bible for all it is worth. Click on the ...
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Interviewing the best negotiators in the world, we explore negotiation strategy, negotiation tactics, stories of negotiation failure and negotiation success.
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Greek verbs have been traditionally labeled “tenses,” but many grammarians have for some time argued that “tense” is not the best way to explain what is going on. The linguistic category of “aspect” is a more powerful theoretical explanation. But what is “verbal aspect” and how does this theory affect the reading of Greek texts? Dr. Constantine Cam…
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John the Dunker, with James McGrath: Matthew 3:1
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Because he was known for his baptisms, and because English transliterates the Greek words, John’s nickname as “the Baptist” provokes little thought. It ought to. Dr. James F. McGrath is Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University. His publications include Christmaker: A Life of John the Baptist and (forth…
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Phil. 1:27 is translated by the NIV as, “conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel,” while the NLT translates it as, “you must live as citizens of heaven, conducting yourselves in a manner worthy of the Good News.” Here and in 3:20 Paul is using a Greek verb and noun that he uses nowhere else in his letters, aside from a related word in E…
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The Place and the Exercise of Sovereignty, with Scott Hafemann: Matthew 6:9-10
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The Lord’s Prayer in Matthew 6 reads in the NIV: “Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.” In the Greek wording, the first occurrence of the word ‘heaven’ is plural in form, but the second is singular. Close attention to this difference across the Greek OT and NT reveals a diff…
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A Multi-Colored Vision for a Multi-Cultural Church, with N. T. Wright: Ephesians 3:10
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Prof. N. T. “Tom” Wright returns to our podcast to discuss Eph. 3:10 and its vision for the church in the present age: God’s “intent was that now, through the church, the manifold wisdom of God should be made known.” God created us so that through us he could show the world who he is, in particular, by a community of all races and nations drawn tog…
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How Mark Gets His Story Rolling, with Michael Kibbe: Mark 1:4-11
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The Gospels tell us the story of John the Baptist and Jesus in distinct ways. Mark’s narrative is a fast-moving action story, comparable in some ways to John Grisham’s style. Attention to Mark’s use of the aorist tense in particular helps us appreciate where the real action is. Michael Kibbe earned his Ph.D. at Wheaton Graduate School, and is Assoc…
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A High Tower, with Megan Roberts: Psalm 46
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Psalm 46 is a psalm for our moment, and its encouraging message is amplified when read in Hebrew. The psalm reminds us that amidst the nations in uproar, and battles, and devastations, and mountains falling into the sea, the God of Jacob is our high fortress, lifting us above the chaos. Our instinct in turmoil is to tighten our grip on things. The …
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Endurance in Non-Retaliation, with Darian Lockett: 1 Peter 2:23
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1 Peter 2:23 is translated in the NIV as, “When they hurled their insults at him, he did not retaliate; when he suffered, he made no threats.” Close attention to the Greek grammar can illuminate that Christ’s non-retaliation was an enduring one, outlasting the repeated attacks made on him. Dr. Darian Lockett is Professor of New Testament at Talbot …
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Raised or Immortalized, with John Walton: Daniel 12:2-3
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In Daniel 12:2-3 the dead awake, some to life, some to shame and contempt. This has long been understood to refer to bodily resurrection, one of a few such OT passages. But there are indications in the text’s language that its intended sense is otherwise. John Walton, Old Testament Professor Emeritus at Wheaton Graduate School, is a frequent contri…
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1 Timothy 4:1 is translated by the NLT, “Now the Holy Spirit tells us clearly that in the last times some will turn away from the true faith.” Some take the Greek behind “the last times” to mean “the last days,” the extreme end of history. But is that Paul’s meaning? Dr. Jermo van Nes is Assistant Professor of New Testament at Evangelische Theologi…
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Proverbs 15:12 is translated, “mockers resent correction” (NIV), “scoffers do not like to be rebuked” (NRSV), “mockers hate to be corrected” (NLT), and in other ways. Close attention to the Hebrew wording enhances our awareness of the character type (the scoffer) and the response to reproof (does not love it). Dr. Arthur Keefer is a Presbyterian Mi…
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Someone Knocking at the Door, with Scott Duvall: Revelation 3:20
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A close and careful reading of the words and grammatical constructions of Revelation 3:20 will clarify at whose door the Lord stands, and the strong encouragement of what he is doing there. Dr. Scott Duvall is Fuller Professor of New Testament at Ouachita Baptist University. Among his publications are (with J. Daniel Hays), Grasping God's Word, Fou…
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Elijah the Foreigner in Gilead, with David Firth: 1 Kings 17:1
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When an OT character is first introduced in narrative literature, we are typically given important clues about who they are and what they are going to do. So it is with Elijah, a foreigner who would seem to be an unlikely opponent of Baal worship. Dr. David Firth is Old Testament Lecturer at Trinity College, Bristol, UK. Among his publications are,…
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Among the spiritual gifts Paul lists in Romans 12 is diakonia, often translated simply as “ministry” or “service.” The social context of the Greek speaking world can assist us in understanding more fully what this term signified for them. Dr. Teresa McCaskill is an independent researcher who resides in central Florida. She has authored Gifts and Ri…
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Get Your Young Adult in the Right Rut, with Richard Schultz: Proverbs 22:6
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“Train up a child in the way he should go” (KJV) is a popular proverb, but to understand what it means we have to understand what biblical proverbs are, and what key Hebrew words of this proverb likely intend. Dr. Richard Schultz is the Blanchard Professor of Old Testament in Wheaton College Graduate School. In addition to other publications, he ha…
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Pablo Deiros is an Argentinian pastor, teacher, author, and more. He recounts his years of learning Hebrew and Greek and their importance for his work as a church historian. His publications include Historia Global del Cristianismo and Historia Del Cristianismo En America Latina. Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Lang…
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The NIV translates part of Hebrews 2:10 as, “it was fitting that God . . . should make the pioneer of their salvation perfect through what he suffered.” Prof. Peeler explains what is intended by the imagery of the key Greek words translated as “pioneer” and “make perfect.” Amy Peeler is the Kenneth T. Wessner Chair of Biblical Studies Professor of …
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The Gardener, with Ruben Zimmermann: John 20:15
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In the resurrection narrative of John’s Gospel, Mary Magdelene is asked by angels within the empty tomb why she is crying. Turning from them she finds a man whom she supposes to be the gardener, but is in fact Jesus himself. This apparently mistaken understanding may in fact be pointing us to another garden and Gardener. Dr. Ruben Zimmermann is Pro…
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The Process of Inspiration, with D. Brent Sandy: 2 Tim. 3:16
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2 Timothy 3:16 is commonly translated, “All Scripture is inspired” or “God-breathed.” Apart from what that metaphorical language on its own might suggest to the English reader, what observations can be made about the recorded history of God’s speech as it proceeds from God’s utterance to written Scripture? Dr. Brent Sandy taught New Testament and G…
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Elevation to Apostolic Status through Partnership, with John Dickson: Philippians 1:5
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In the first lines of Paul’s letter to the Philippian church he says he is praying in joy because of their “partnership in the gospel” (NIV). From the end of the same letter we learn what this means (material support of Paul’s mission) and its implications. Rev. Dr. John Dickson is Jean Kvamme Distinguished Professor of Biblical Studies and Public …
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Ignatius and John on the Spirit, with Jonathon Lookadoo: Ignatius, To the Philadelphians 7:1 and John 3:8
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The Church Father, Ignatius (likely died within the first two decades of the 2nd century), in his Letter to the Philadelphians, uses wording that suggests dependence on the Gospel of John (likely written in the last decade of the 1st century), and also reveals something of Ignatius’ own dependence on the Spirit in his preaching. Dr. Jonathon Lookad…
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A Singular Seed and Ancient Interpretation, with Christian Brady: Galatians 3:15-18
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In Gal. 3, Paul makes the grammatically singular form of the noun “seed” (σπέρμα) load bearing for his argument. But the singular form of that word doesn’t necessarily denote one individual. Paul is employing contemporary Jewish exegetical practices, and the understanding of that and Paul’s wider aims can be helpful here. Dr. Christian Brady is T. …
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The Virgin or the Young Woman, with Emanuel Tov: Isaiah 7:14 and Genesis 24:14, 16
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Isaiah 7:14 is quoted by Matthew (1:23) in application to Mary’s pregnancy: “The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son.” But is Isaiah’s reference to a young woman (עַלְמָה) or a virgin (παρθένος)? The former is the Hebrew of Isaiah, and the latter is the Greek of the Septuagint and Matthew’s citation. Can Genesis 24 shed some light on this…
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From Saul to Paul, with Steve Walton: Acts 13:9
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For the first several chapters in the book of Acts, the author, Luke, consistently speaks of one Saul, but at 13:9 Luke begins referring to him as Paul, which is also the name that this apostle uses in all his letters. Where do these two names come from? What does each mean? Why this switch in which name is used? Dr. Steve Walton is Senior Research…
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Dr. Steven Jones is the co-author of Acquiring Medical Language(McGraw Hill), a widely used textbook in medical schools for instruction in medical terminology and rooted directly in his education in Classical Greek and Latin. He makes a case for translating this terminology so that patients can understand it, but also so that the human and ethical …
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Semantic Density and the Love of God, with Elizabeth Mburu: 1 John 2:5
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In I John 2:5 the apostle writes, “Whoever keeps his word, truly in this one the love of God is completed.” The Greek phrase translated “the love of God” (ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ) could be understood as God’s love for us or our love for God. Dr. Elizabeth Mburu explains the grammar, the context, and the reasoning behind her conclusion. Dr. Mburu is A…
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As For the Rich, with Philip Graham Ryken: 1 Timothy 6:17-19
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In writing to the “rich in this present world,” Paul stirs together a related adjective (πλούσιος), noun (πλοῦτος), adverb (πλουσίως), and infinitive (πλουτεῖν), pastorally building up to his point: understanding the true source of wealth and how to use it richly. Dr. Phil Ryken, who has been a regular on our podcast, is the President of Wheato…
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How to Appear More Trustworthy through Nonverbal Communication, Throwback with Dr. Abbie Maroño, Ep #446
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According to Dr. Abbie Maroño, someone judges whether or not they can trust you within 33 milliseconds of meeting you. Once they’ve made their observation, they’ll spend every interaction looking for cues to confirm what they felt (correct or not). So how do you convey trustworthiness? Through nonverbal communication. Dr. Abbie Maroño shares her #1…
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A Lament-Shaped Perseverance, with Grant Flynn: James 5:11
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James 5:11 refers to the “patience of Job” (KJV). If we take a detour through the book of Job and notice how the Greek vocabulary of perseverance (the KJV’s “patience”) is used in James’ letter, we gain insight into human suffering as something properly to lament. Dr. Grant Flynn is Visiting Assistant Professor of New Testament at Wheaton College. …
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Take Command of Your Mindset with Joe Hart, Ep #445
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Dale Carnegie is a global training organization with 200 operations in 86 countries. Its instructors teach the Dale Carnegie course following the model he developed over 100 years ago. Joe Hart took the course as a young lawyer, and it changed the trajectory of his life. He left law and went into business, and the course helped him see a different …
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What is Your Style Under Stress? Throwback with Joseph Grenny, Ep #444
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How do you handle stressful conversations? Do you know how you’re likely to react? Do you default to being aggressive or combative? It’s crucial that you understand how you react—i.e. your “style under stress”— in tense situations to change how you show up in the moment. Navigating these conversations is Joseph Grenny’s specialty. He shares where t…
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‘Calling Out’ in Jonah, with Andrew Abernethy: Jonah 1:2
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The act of “calling out,” either to pagans or to the Lord, forms a thread through the story of Jonah, which was challenging to Jonah, and can remain challenging for modern readers. Dr. Andrew Abernethy is Professor of Old Testament and Director of the M.A. in Biblical Exegesis at Wheaton Graduate School. He co-edited the newly published The Prophet…
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The Right Way to Negotiate with Andreas Winheller, Ep #443
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Is there one right way to negotiate? Is one methodology superior to the other? For the last 30+ years, “Getting to Yes” was the book on negotiation. More recently, “Never Split the Difference” has become the book on negotiation. The vast majority of people read the top-selling book(s) in a category and think they’re fully educated. That’s just impo…
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The Key to Negotiating with Different Cultures with Eliane Karsaklian, Ep #442
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Every culture has different foundational beliefs. We may recognize the same brands and use the same products worldwide but we behave far differently. Eliane Karsaklian learned this firsthand from living in different countries. In this throwback episode, she shares how negotiating with different cultures has to start with a mindset shift. The best w…
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A Fellow Soldier, with Seth Ehorn: Philemon 2
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In the greeting of his letter to Philemon (v. 2), Paul calls Archippus a “fellow soldier.” Roman soldiers were often involved in the capturing and returning of runaway slaves, a function that may explain why Paul characterizes Archippus like so in this letter. Dr. Seth Ehorn is guest faculty at Wheaton College currently teaching Greek. His publicat…
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How to Gather Stories with Matthew Dicks, Ep #441
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How do you find the right stories to tell? Matthew Dicks is a phenomenal storyteller. He’s written several novels and non-fiction, including “Story Worthy.” He owns “Speak Up Storytelling” and “Story Worthy MD” to help people learn to become better storytellers—because everyone has stories to tell, they just don’t know it. He simplifies the story-g…
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Predictive Procurement with Edmund Zagorin, Ep #440
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One of procurement's roles is to achieve cost savings while balancing the needs of the company. Predictive procurement starts with defining things like: What has to be true for the prediction to be accurate The level of confidence of the person making the prediction If something changes, is the prediction invalid? Predicting cost savings isn’t easy…
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Can the Orders Change?, with Gene Green: 1 Peter 2
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Peter, along with other NT writers, uses a term (ὑποτάσσω, hypotasso) which related to the idea of subordination, or being sub-ordered, whether in the society, household, church, or in cosmic terms. While Peter calls Christians to live out the faith under the hierarchies or “orders” of ancient Roman society, may the church be an agent in society wh…
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How Storytelling Increases Credibility per Mark Carpenter, Ep #439
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Logic and rational thinking don’t always work to convince someone to do something. People hear “Storytelling” and think of novels, movies, TV shows, etc. They don’t see it as what it is: A skill. Intuitively, people connect through stories. It’s how we make sense of the world. Storytelling moves someone toward action. And storytelling increases cre…
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Emotional vs. Logical Commitments, Throwback with Svitlana Kalitsun, Ep #438
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When it comes to tense emotional situations, getting a commitment from the counterparty can be tough. We know that a commitment usually leads to positive outcomes. So how do we leverage emotion to help people make logical commitments? Svitlana Kalitsun—a Ukrainian negotiation expert and lawyer—shares her thought-process in this throwback episode of…
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In the beginning when God created…", with Emanuel Tov: Genesis 1:1
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The very first words of the Hebrew Bible, usually translated as “In the beginning God created…” can also be translated, “In the beginning when God created . . . God said . . . .” What is the basis for this rendition? Dr. Emanuel Tov, the J. L. Magnes Professor of Bible Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, recounts his learning of the bibl…
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Lessons Learned from a Failed Negotiation with William Ury, Ep #437
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William Ury is one of the most well-known—and experienced—names in the field of mediation and negotiation. He’s worked around the globe in every circumstance imaginable. In this episode of Negotiations Ninja, we talk about what he’s learned throughout his storied career, including what he’s learned from the failures. Outline of This Episode [2:43] …
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Communicating through Disagreements, Throwback with Debra Roberts, Ep #436
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If a conversation with an employee has become a disagreement and you can’t seem to work through it, what do you do? Communicating through disagreements is tricky. Where do you start? According to Debra Roberts, you need to get to the root of the issue by listening. Only then can you determine next steps. Learn her framework in this throwback episod…
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Moses Didn’t Know He Was Jewish, with Rabbi Steven Bob
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The Hebrew term yehudim in modern Hebrew can be straightforwardly translated as “Jews,” but when it occurs in the Hebrew Bible this is not the best translation. Remarkably, more than half the occurrences in the OT are in one book: Esther. The question can be extended into the NT as well. Rabbi Steven Bob, who has contributed several episodes to thi…
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How Mario Martinez Negotiated a $46 Million Deal, Ep #435
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Mario Martinez—the CEO of Vengreso and the host of the Modern Selling podcast—negotiated a 46-million-dollar deal when he worked for Sprint. How did he do it? Mario shares how he put everything on the line to make this deal a reality in this episode of Negotiations Ninja. Outline of This Episode [1:58] Learn more about Mario Martinez [3:32] Laying …
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Is Empathy the Key to Successful Crisis Negotiation? Throwback with Dr. Andy Young, Ep #434
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Dr. Andy Young has over 20 years of experience in crisis negotiation. While every scenario he encounters dictates a different approach, there’s one underlying theme: empathy. Developing true empathy for the other party—though exceedingly difficult—can sometimes mean the difference between success and failure. Dr. Young shares more in this throwback…
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The Lord of the Spirit, with Steve Walton: Acts 2:33
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In Acts 2:33 there is a completely new thing: Whereas in the OT and everywhere in Judaism it is God, Yahweh, who sends the Holy Spirit, in Acts 2 Jesus has ascended to the right hand of God, received the Spirit from his Father, and himself performs the act of pouring out the Spirit. This should provoke reflection on both Jesus and the Spirit. Dr. S…
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Are You an Unconsciously Incompetent Negotiator? Keld Jensen Weighs In, Ep #433
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Why are most negotiators unconsciously incompetent? Keld lives and breathes negotiation. He’s been negotiating since 1998. Before that, he was the CEO of a tech company. He thought he was a great negotiator but realized he was unconsciously incompetent. It was a terrible realization. What you choose to do when you’re hit with the realization dictat…
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Jeanette Nyden Uncomplicates Scope of Work, Throwback, Ep # 432
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Scope of work clauses aren’t technically complex or complicated. But they’re where people repeatedly make mistakes. Jeanette starts by making sure the business objective is clear, creates good acceptance criteria, gathers the right KPIs and SLAs, and collaborates with her counterparts. Jeanette uncomplicates scope of work clauses in this throwback …
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In his lecture to philosophers in Acts 17, Paul declares that God has so ordered human history that people “would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us” (NIV). The verb translated “reach out for” (ψηλαφάω) can be illuminated by the blinded Cyclops in Homer’s Odyssey or by the biblical Isaac tr…
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